作品展示十

今日的中国与东亚

China and East Asia Today

比较成本说是十九世纪前叶英国产业革命时期阶级斗争的产物，李嘉图的比较成本说建立在劳动价值论的基础上，揭示了两国通过分工实现这种比较利益即节约社会劳动的可能性。
As a product of the class struggle of the British Industrial Revolution in the first half of the 19^th century, the theory of Comparative Cost put forward by Ricardo David on the base of the Labor Theory of Value had revealed the possibility of achieving the comparative profits i.e. save on social labor by way of labor division between two countries.

根据上述原理，外商为了降低生产成本，使利润最大化，广泛地开展了在海外加工生产的经营模式，以充分发挥当地的劳动力优势或资源优势。
According to the above-mentioned principle, the foreign investors had comprehensively adopted the operation mode of overseas processing and production to cut down production cost and maximize their profit by utilizing the favorable labor resource and natural resources in the targeted country.

中国在国际分工中的比较优势主要是廉价的土地、技术工人和劳动力、丰富的原材料以及具备一定基础、门类比较齐全的工业部门等。
China’s comparative advantage in international division of labor is mainly the cheap resources of land, technical workers and labor force, as well as rich raw materials and an industrial department with considerable foundation and quite complete categories.

从中国出口产品的构成分析，在中国21大类出口产品中，贸易竞争力指数大于零的共有14类。
From category analysis of the make-up of China’s export, we can find out that there are 14 categories of export commodities with their trade competitive index to be higher than zero among 21 big categories of China’s export.

在工业制成品中鞋帽伞类、杂项制品、艺术品等的指数接近100%，这说明劳动力密集型产品是中国最具竞争力的产品，因而在国际市场竞争中具有极大的优势。
Among the manufactured goods, the indexes of shoes hats & umbrellas, sundry goods and the handicraft products are almost 100%, which indicates that China’s labor-intensive products have the biggest competitiveness enjoying a huge advantage in the international market.

在资金、技术密集型产业上拥有相对优势，但是加工贸易方式能在积极利用国外各种要素、资源的基础上使两者的比较优势发挥出来。
The products of capital and technology-intensive industries have certain degree of comparative advantages, however, the adoption of processing and production in overseas can combine superiorities of these two modes to better play their comparative advantages by actively utilizing various elements and resources in the foreign countries.

尽管中国有极少数在世界上领先的技术，但很难在短时间内形成一个庞大的支撑民族发展的产业群，在较长一段时间内，劳动密集型产业仍将是中国最重要的出口产业。
Though China has a few technologies that are internationally advanced, it is very hard for China to build a big industry group in a short period of time that can sustain national industry development. As a result, the labor-intensive industries shall remain the most important export industry in a quite long period in the future.